Membrane transport protein

A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein^[1] involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins; that is they exist within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport. These mechanisms of action are known as carrier-mediated transport.^[2]

1 Types
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

Types

(Grouped by Transporter Classification database categories)

1: Channels/Pores

facilitated diffusion

2: Electrochemical Potential-driven transporters

Mitochondrial membrane transport protein
Glucose transporter
Neurotransmitter transporters
- Glutamate/aspartate transporters
- GABA transporters
- Glycine transporters
- Monoamine transporters, including:
  - Dopamine transporter (DAT)
  - Norepinephrine transporter (NET)
  - Serotonin transporter (SERT)
  - Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT)
- Adenosine transporters
- Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)

3: Primary Active Transporters

4: Co-transporters

Symporters transport two or more ions together in the same direction, antiporters in the opposite direction.

5: Incompletely Characterized Transport Systems

9.A.50: Karyopherin

Ungrouped

CD36

References

External links

"Transport protein" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

Proteins: carrier proteins

Fatty acid	FABP1 · FABP2 · FABP3 · FABP4 · FABP5 · FABP6 · FABP7

Hormone	peptide hormone: Follistatin · Growth hormone binding protein · Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, IGFBP6, IGFBP7) · Neurophysins (Neurophysin I, II) steroid hormone: Sex hormone binding globulin/Androgen binding protein · Transcortin · Thyroxine-binding globulin · Transthyretin

Metal/element	calcium (Calcium-binding protein, Calmodulin-binding proteins) · copper (Ceruloplasmin) · iron (Iron-binding proteins, Transferrin receptor)

Vitamin	Retinol binding protein (4) · Transcobalamin

Other	Acyl carrier protein · Adaptor protein · Cholesterylester transfer protein · F-box protein · GTP-binding protein · Latent TGF-beta binding protein · Light-harvesting complex · Major urinary proteins · Membrane transport protein · Odorant binding protein

B proteins: BY STRUCTURE: membrane, globular (en, ca, an), fibrous

Membrane transport protein: ion channels (TC 1A)

Ca²⁺: Calcium channel

Voltage-gated	L-type/Ca_vα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) · N-type/Ca_vα2.2 · P-type/Ca_vα(2.1) · Q-type/Ca_vα2.1 · R-type/Ca_vα2.3 · T-type/Ca_vα(3.1, 3.2, 3.3) α₂δ-subunits (1, 2) · β-subunits (β1, β2, β3, β4) · γ-subunits (γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4) Cation channels of sperm (1, 2, 3, 4) · Two-pore channel (1, 2)

Ligand-gated	Inositol trisphosphate receptor (1, 2, 3) · Ryanodine receptor (1, 2, 3)

Na⁺: Sodium channel

Constitutively active	Epithelial sodium channel (α, β, γ, δ)

Proton gated	Amiloride-sensitive cation channel (1, 2, 3, 4)

Voltage-gated	Na_vα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 7A) · Na_vβ (1, 2, 3, 4)

K⁺: Potassium channel

Voltage-gated	K_vα1-6 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8) · (2.1, 2.2) · (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) · (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) · (5.1) · (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) K_vα7-12 (7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5) · (8.1, 8.2) · (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) · (10.1, 10.2) · (11.1/hERG, 11.2, 11.3) · (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) K_vβ (1, 2, 3) · KCNIP (1, 2, 3, 4) · minK/ISK · minK/ISK-like · MiRP (1, 2, 3) · Shaker gene

Calcium-activated	BK channel (α1, β1, β2, β3, β4) · SK channel (SK1, SK2, SK3, SK4) · K_Ca (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1)

Inward-rectifier	K_ATP · K_ir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6) · GIRK/K_ir (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) · K_ir (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1)

Tandem pore domain	K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18)

Other

Cl^-: Chloride channel	ANO1 · Bestrophin (1, 2) · CFTR · CLCA (1, 2, 3, 4) · CLCN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, KA, KB) · CLIC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, L1) · CLNS (1A, 1B)

H⁺: Voltage-gated	HVCN1

M⁺: TRP cation channel	TRPA (1) · TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) · TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · TRPML (1, 2, 3) · TRPN · TRPP (1, 2) · TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (FC)	α (1, 2, 3, 4) · β (1, 2, 3) · HCN (1, 2, 3, 4)

Porin	Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9) · Voltage-dependent anion channel (1, 2, 3) · General bacterial porin family

Gap junction	Connexin: A (GJA1, GJA3, GJA4, GJA5, GJA8, GJA9, GJA10) · B (GJB1, GJB2, GJB3, GJB4, GJB5, GJB6, GJB7) · C (GJC1, GJC2, GJC3) · D (GJD2, GJD3, GJD4)) Innexin

General	Ligand-gated ion channel · Voltage-gated ion channel · Stretch-activated ion channel

see also disorders
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr

Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A)

By group

SLC1–10

(1) high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter (SLC1A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)

(2) facilitative GLUT transporter (SLC2A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

(3) heavy subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters (SLC3A1, 2)

(4) bicarbonate transporter (SLC4A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)

(5) sodium glucose cotransporter (SLC5A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)

(6) sodium- and chloride- dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters (SLC6A1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC6A5, SLC6A6, SLC6A7, SLC6A8, SLC6A9, SLC6A10, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A13, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A16, SLC6A17, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, SLC6A20)

(7) cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated (SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A3, SLC7A4) glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters (SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, SLC7A8, SLC7A9, SLC7A10, SLC7A11, SLC7A13, SLC7A14)

(8) Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (SLC8A1, SLC8A2, SLC8A3)

(9) Na+/H+ exchanger (SLC9A1, SLC9A2, SLC9A3, SLC9A4, SLC9A5, SLC9A6, SLC9A7, SLC9A8, SLC9A9, SLC9A10, SLC9A11)

(10) sodium bile salt cotransport (SLC10A1, SLC10A2, SLC10A3, SLC10A4, SLC10A5, SLC10A6, SLC10A7); 10A1 · 10A2 · 10A3 · 10A7

SLC11–20

(11) proton coupled metal ion transporter (SLC11A1, SLC11A2) 11A3

(12) electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter (SLC12A1, SLC12A1, SLC12A2, SLC12A3, SLC12A4, SLC12A5, SLC12A6, SLC12A7, SLC12A8, SLC12A9)

(13) human Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter (SLC13A1, SLC13A2, SLC13A3, SLC13A4, SLC13A5)

(14) urea transporter (SLC14A1, SLC14A2)

(15) proton oligopeptide cotransporter (SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SLC15A3, SLC15A4)

(16) monocarboxylate transporter (SLC16A1, SLC16A2, SLC16A3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7, SLC16A8, SLC16A9, SLC16A10, SLC16A11, SLC16A12, SLC16A13, SLC16A14)

(17) vesicular glutamate transporter (SLC17A1, SLC17A2, SLC17A3, SLC17A4, SLC17A5, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC17A9)

(18) vesicular amine transporter (SLC18A1, SLC18A2, SLC18A3)

(19) folate/thiamine transporter (SLC19A1, SLC19A2, SLC19A3)

(20) type III Na+-phosphate cotransporter (SLC20A1, SLC20A2)

SLC21–30

(21) organic anion transporting (SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B4, SLCO1C1) (SLCO2A1, SLCO2B1) (SLCO3A1) (SLCO4A1, SLCO4C1) (SLCO5A1) (SLCO6A1)

(22) organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter (SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC22A3, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A8, SLC22A9, SLC22A10, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A14, SLC22A15, SLC22A16, SLC22A17, SLC22A18, SLC22A19, SLC22A20)

(23) Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter (SLC23A1, SLC23A2, SLC23A3, SLC23A4)

(24) Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger (SLC24A1, SLC24A2, SLC24A3, SLC24A4, SLC24A5, SLC24A6)

(25) mitochondrial carrier (SLC25A1, SLC25A2, SLC25A3, SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6, SLC25A7, SLC25A8, SLC25A9, SLC25A10, SLC25A11, SLC25A12, SLC25A13, SLC25A14, SLC25A15, SLC25A16, SLC25A17, SLC25A18, SLC25A19, SLC25A20, SLC25A21, SLC25A22, SLC25A23, SLC25A24, SLC25A25, SLC25A26, SLC25A27, SLC25A28, SLC25A29, SLC25A30, SLC25A31, SLC25A32, SLC25A33, SLC25A34, SLC25A35, SLC25A36, SLC25A37, SLC25A38, SLC25A39, SLC25A40, SLC25A41, SLC25A42, SLC25A43, SLC25A44, SLC25A45, SLC25A46)

(26) multifunctional anion exchanger (SLC26A1, SLC26A2, SLC26A3, SLC26A4, SLC26A5, SLC26A6, SLC26A7, SLC26A8, SLC26A9, SLC26A10, SLC26A11)

(27) fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27A1, SLC27A2, SLC27A3, SLC27A4, SLC27A5, SLC27A6)

(28) Na+-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3

(29) facilitative nucleoside transporter (SLC29A1, SLC29A2, SLC29A3, SLC29A4)

(30) zinc efflux (SLC30A1, SLC30A2, SLC30A3, SLC30A4, SLC30A5, SLC30A6, SLC30A7, SLC30A8, SLC30A9, SLC30A10)

SLC31–40

(31) copper transporter (SLC31A1)

(32) vesicular inhibitory amino-acid transporter (SLC32A1)

(33) Acetyl-CoA transporter (SLC33A1)

(34) type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter (SLC34A1, SLC34A2, SLC34A3)

(35) nucleoside-sugar transporter (SLC35A1, SLC35A2, SLC35A3, SLC35A4, SLC35A5) (SLC35B1, SLC35B2, SLC35B3, SLC35B4) (SLC35C1, SLC35C2) (SLC35D1, SLC35D2, SLC35D3) (SLC35E1, SLC35E2, SLC35E3, SLC35E4)

(36) proton-coupled amino-acid transporter (SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A3, SLC36A4)36A2 ·

(37) sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger (SLC37A1, SLC37A2, SLC37A3, SLC37A4)

(38) System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter (SLC38A1, SLC38A2, SLC38A3, SLC38A4, SLC38A5, SLC38A6, SLC38A10)

(39) metal ion transporter (SLC39A1, SLC39A2, SLC39A3, SLC39A4, SLC39A5, SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A8, SLC39A9, SLC39A10, SLC39A11, SLC39A12, SLC39A13, SLC39A14)

(40) basolateral iron transporter (SLC40A1)

SLC41–48

(41) MgtE-like magnesium transporter (SLC41A1, SLC41A2, SLC41A3)

(42) Ammonia transporter (RhAG, RhBG, RhCG)

(43) Na+-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter (SLC43A1, SLC43A2, SLC43A3)

(44) Choline-like transporter (SLC44A1, SLC44A2, SLC44A3, SLC44A4, SLC44A5)

(45) Putative sugar transporter (SLC45A1, SLC45A2, SLC54A3, SLC45A4)

(46) Folate transporter (SLC46A1, SLC46A2)

(47) multidrug and toxin extrusion (SLC47A1, SLC47A2)

(48) Heme transporter

SLCO1–4

O1A2 · O1B1 · O1B3 · O2B1 · O431 · O4A1

Ion pumps

Symporter, Cotransporter	Na+/K+/2Cl- - Na/Pi3 - Na+/Cl- - Na/glucose - Na+/I- - Cl-/K+ (4, 5)

Antiporter (exchanger)	Na+/H+ - Na+/Ca2+ (Na+/(Ca2+-K+)) - Cl-/HCO3- (Band 3) - Cl-formate exchanger - Cl-oxalate exchanger

see also solute carrier disorders
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr

Membrane transport protein: neurotransmitter transporters (TC 2.A.1.2)

Vesicular

Vesicular monoamine (VMAT1, VMAT2) - Vesicular acetylcholine

Other

Glutamate - Monoamine (DAT, NET, SERT, PMAT)

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins ABC-transporter (TC 3A1)

A	A1 · A2 · A3 · A4 · A7 · A8 · A12 · A13

B	B1 · B2-3 (B2, B3) · B4 · B5 · B6 · B7 · B9 · B11

C	C1 · C2 · C3 · C4 · C5 · C6 · C7 · C8-9 (C8, C9) · C10 · C11 · C13

D	D1 · D2 · D3 · D4

E	E1

F	F1 · F2

G	G1 · G2 · G4 · Sterolin (G5, G8)

see also ABC transporter disorders B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr

Membrane transport protein: ion pumps, ATPases / ATP synthase (TC 3A2-3A3)

F- and V-type ATPase (3.A.2)

H+ (F-type)	H⁺ transporting, mitochondrial: ATP5A1, ATP5B, ATP5C1, ATP5C2, ATP5D, ATP5E, ATP5F1, ATP5G1, ATP5G2, ATP5G3, ATP5H, ATP5I, ATP5J, ATP5J2, ATP5L, ATP5L2, ATP5O, ATP5S

H+ (V-type)	H⁺ transporting, lysosomal: ATP6AP1, ATP6AP2, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1B1, ATP6V1B2, ATP6V1C1, ATP6V1C2, ATP6V1D, ATP6V1E1, ATP6V1E2, ATP6V1F, ATP6V1G1, ATP6V1G2, ATP6V1G3, ATP6V1H, ATP6V0A1, ATP6V0A2, ATP6V0A4, ATP6V0B, ATP6V0C, ATP6V0D1, ATP6V0D2, ATP6V0E TCIRG1